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Trends in the Chinese Online Education IndustryComments OffThe Increase of China on the net Training Market place
Income of online training sector in China achieved 84 billion Yuan in 2013, with a 19.9%-growth from 2012, based on the 2013-2014 China On-line Education Report unveiled by iResearch.
The huge Potential of China on the internet Education Market place
The 3 key engines are as follows: elementary on the net instruction, on-line vocational instruction and on the internet bigger education. Larger education’s share has actually been declining a little bit but keeps booming.
Inside the total current market, on-line bigger education’s share has been declining carefully nevertheless it keeps booming. Online education and learning field is predicted to help keep a secure progress as a result of new events these kinds of as information producer, technological know-how company and system builder which happen to be progressively entering into this sector, plus the building of users’ pattern. Online vocational schooling and language studying will primarily add a lot more to on line instruction market due to their users’ powerful desire and large usage power.
The Increase of the internet Education and learning end users
According to iResearch information, online training users achieved 67,2 million in China, that has 13,8%-growth from 2013.
Because of the growth of internet surfers and forming of on the internet studying habit, the online education and learning person range is expected to achieve 1.2 billion by 2017.
On one hand, the continual growing of Chinese internet users supplies a basis and adequate enhancement space for the fast expansion of online training users. Alternatively, domestic on-line education and learning products are acquiring quite quick, ground breaking indicates of study online are coming into current market and providing consumers diversified ordeals, which draws additional customers into their merchandise in return.
source MarketingtoChina Website
Decrease on the internet Greater Training and slack in preschool Education
While it’s lowered slightly within the complete market place, online bigger education’s share however accounts for 50% since the most significant department. Vocational instruction and language learning go on to mature, respectively building up 21.1% and 18.7%. The proportion of start-ups foster elementary education coming to the marketplace is climbing in these years, even though the preschool education department remains reduced and only occupies 0.2% even with probably the most expenditure into it.
Firstly, the Point out Council has canceled or passed-down the best of approval on the internet educated high-degree, which generates development of this current market. On the other hand, for reduced public recognition of on the net increased instruction, iResearch estimates the on the web training customers will not likely register an explosive advancement but instead a slight decrease. Next, there exists an excellent demand for on line vocational instruction and on-line larger schooling, consequently their market will preserve booming. Moreover, the preschool and elementary online education will require furthermore cultivation, on account to your distinguished options of user teams. Capitals and startups pay out certain consideration to them, but their earning cycle may possibly be very long than expected.
It’s important to control visibility over the internet to develop on the net instruction small business. This suggests to be aware of how to endorse the website on the web, the way to increase its visibility, the way to attract potentiel consumers, through the use of Web optimization (Internet search engine Optimisaton), SEM (Internet search engine Promoting), General public Relations and Neighborhood Supervisor.
US$1.8 Trillion : the Chinese Consumption by 2021Comments OffLuxurious manufacturers in China have had to deal with down a slowing financial system for many time, but a brand new report by Boston Consulting Group (BCG) and Alibaba Group’s study section, AliResearch sheds a more constructive light-weight on China’s purchaser economic system. By 2021, Chinese people are envisioned to add US$1.8 trillion in new consumption at a charge speedier than that of any other place, in accordance with the review.
BCG and AliResearch attribute this extra paying out mainly to China’s higher center course andrich customers and the spending routines of , several of whom expend an incredible deal getting upgraded versions of goods they presently own. About 54 % from the progress in advance of 2021 is predicted for being pushed by tier-1 and tier-2 cities, even though 46 p.c is going to be attributed to customers in reduce tier cities.
US$2.6 trillion by 2021.
Millennials are crucial with the buyer financial state, because they are anticipated to spend US$2.6 trillion by 2021. What this means is a compound once-a-year progress charge of eleven percent, and an all round advancement contribution from millennial usage of sixty nine %.In regards to the categories of purchases that should push consumption, activities and companies are predicted to add 51 p.c, even though bodily items are expected to generate up forty nine per cent. The evolving from suppliers are expected to play a huge section in fueling use, with 56 percent of buys expected to come from offline sources, along with the remaining proportion coming from on line suppliers. is a big influence in e-commerce, with eighty five p.c of on the net buys envisioned to return from cell platforms.On the extra micro amount, BCG and AliResearch determined 5 types of people in China’s new era of growing digital accessibility, climbing incomes, in addition to a developing middle class. These consist of the “savvy shopper,” that are a lot more “brand-aware” and “discerning” with regards to products from throughout the globe; the one consumer who the eco-conscious client; the “passionate trend seeker”; plus the related shopper.“To set it bluntly, when you have not recognized extra segments in China than you pinpointed a yr or so back, you are nearly definitely behind,” the report authors compose, adding that models might need to reevaluate their client profiles every one to 2 several years to actually optimize engagement in China’s speedily evolving consumer economic climate.
China Structure – Joint Ventures(0)Unfortunately, this is not always the case, as evidenced by the fall in percentage of total foreign investment allocated to JV establishment from 32.2 percent in 2004 to 22.8 percent in 2007. This does not mean the JV is a deadweight entity, however. It has its purposes, and it?s crucial for foreign investors to understand those purposes and whether their Chinese partner is capable of fulfilling them. The popular Chinese idiom ?same bed, different dreams? has become the failed joint venture?s mantra.
There are two types of JVs in China: the equity JV and the cooperative JV, sometimes known as the contractual JV. They may appear similar on the surface but have different implications for the structuring of your entity in China. Here we explore the differences, providing practical advice on structuring and tips on investment clawbacks, land use rights and profit distribution.
Think of a JV as having both a heart and a mind. Its heart lies in the contract, which specifies the agreement and duties of each party. The mind lies in the articles of association, which determines how a JV can fulfill its responsibilities. They are equally important and attention to detail is essential.
There are significant operational differences between the contracts and laws governing EJVs and CJVs. EJVs and CJVs are respectively governed by the Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Law of 1979, the Sino-Foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Law of 1988, and their related post-hoc amendments. The China Company Law of 2006 is also partially applicable to JVs. The are several key differences between the two.
Liability status
EJVs must be established as limited liability companies, while CJVs can operate either as a limited liability company or as a non-legal person (though this option is becoming less popular). In the latter case, liability will be defined within the business contract. Such entities are run by a management committee rather than by a board of directors. They are typically operated in the event of the foreign party making capital contributions to a Chinese manufacturer to upgrade facilities, but then wanting some degree of control as to how that investment is managed.To know more, the whole issue is available (after a free subscription) on China Briefing website with others archivesFor more information on China’s legal and tax issues or to ask for professional advices in related matters, please write to [email protected]
China Structure – Foreign-Invested Commercial Enterprises(0)Foreign-invested commercial enterprises are capable of conducting the following activities:
Import, export, distribution and retailing
Retailing ? selling goods and related services to individual persons from a fixed location, as well as through TV, telephone, mail order, internet, and vending machines
Wholesaling ? selling goods and related services to companies and customers from industry, trade or other organizations
Representative transactions on the basis of provisions (agent, broker)
Franchising
These activities can also be achieved through other means such as agents. A FICE will, however, bring the control needed to secure quality, service level and bring you closer to your suppliers as well as enable you to invoice your clients in Chinese currency.
Read next :Joint Ventures
To know more, the whole issue is available (after a free subscription) on China Briefing website with others archivesFor more information on China’s legal and tax issues or to ask for professional advices in related matters, please write to [email protected]
China Structure – Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises(0)In addition to the WFOE?s expansive business scope, its unrivaled popularity arises from multiple other factors:
100 percent foreign ownership and control
Security of technology and intellectual property rights
Self-developed internal structure
Insertion of existing company culture
Profit repatriation
Domestic sales
Your organization has decided to invest in China. Deciding which entity to establish based on your short and long-term plans is the next step.
Structuring your WFOEBusiness scope
You need to ensure your business scope is accurate and genuine. The requisite administrative government offices will quickly pass your proposed business scope, but that does not mean you are finished. Your proposal will then make its way to the state and local tax bureaus, and they will also thoroughly check your application. Any attempts to fool the tax bureau into thinking you are producing one thing when you are actually producing another will inevitably fail.
WFOEs can only operate within the business scope approved by the authorities. The scope of business article within your articles of association will define exactly what your company is going to do. If you are going to be selling your product domestically, be sure to mention China?s required compliance with the WTO treaty. This will allow easier access to the domestic marketplace.Also, your business focus must be clearly indicated or problems with the tax bureau and customs will arise when seeking due tax refunds. This does not mean your WFOE must be one-dimensional, but that you must be honest and prescient when planning your operation. Beyond being a complicated approval process, it is also a lengthy one due to the requisite translations and multiple bureaucratic departments.
Registered capital requirementsRegistered capital requirements are dependent on location and industry and are used as an entry barrier to ensure foreign-invested enterprises are of sufficient quality and financial strength.
Minimum capital requirementThe legal minimum capital requirement for a domestic commercial, manufacturing or service enterprise is RMB30,000 but immediately jumps to RMB100,000 for entities with only one shareholder is present. In reality, however, the minimum capital requirements vary drastically by location and industry. For instance, a manufacturing WFOE in Beijing may face different capital requirements than a manufacturing WFOE in Tianjin, a service WFOE in Shanghai, or a FICE in Guangzhou. Shop around and compare regional differences. But beware, people are often duped into attractive but untenable minimum capital requirements proffered by local magistrates trying to meet their quotas.This will lead to complications with the central and local tax bureaus, both of whom will be intimately involved in your business life. It might be helpful to note that your registered capital is also your limited liability and this is also reflected in this amount. This could become a dealbreaker if a potential client wants to do business but cannot determine whether or not you are sufficiently capitalized.
Read next :Foreign-Invested Commercial Enterprises
To know more, the whole issue is available (after a free subscription) on China Briefing website with others archivesFor more information on China’s legal and tax issues or to ask for professional advices in related matters, please write to [email protected]
China Structure – Representative Offices(0)The RO can facilitate market entry and coordinate sourcing activities and marketing, but it is a toothless version of the possible foreign entities that has little control over the movement and sale of goods and services. ROs are the extended arm of overseas parent companies and can only interactwith Chinese businesses indirectly; however, less tangibly, they can offer a sense of the domestic market and help determine whether China?s 1.3 billion people and its complex business and legalstructure are profitably navigable for your company.
Do you need to control the process of invoicing locally for services or products? If not, and you simply need a local presence capable only of the following permissible activities, then perhaps theRO is the most useful and inexpensive entity for your purposes.
ROs can be used for the following main purposes:
Conducting market research and surveys
Liaising with local contacts andsuppliers
Presenting and introducing a product to the China market
Exchanging technology
ROs can be very helpful in facilitating and establishing trade ties between your parent company overseas and your entities based in China. While ROs may not directly invoice for sales or servicesin China, they can act as a liaison in matters relating to orders, shipping payments of taxes, repatriation of money from clients and so on. Beyond this, ROs are accessible to a variety of investors because they have no registered capital requirement and have low maintenance.
Read next :Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises
To know more, the whole issue is available (after a free subscription) on China Briefing website with others archivesFor more information on China’s legal and tax issues or to ask for professional advices in related matters, please write to [email protected]
Checking If You Are (Really) in Control of Your China Operations(0)These are applicable to smaller businesses; accordingly we have not gone into details on director?s quorums, shareholder rights and larger corporate issues in this overview. However, they very much do apply to business managers in any company, small or large. If you consistently find these are applicable to you, an internal management systems audit may be a good idea.
Legal control
One person holds all the company chopsIf that person isn?t you, you have a potential problem. Either take possession or spread the risk by having different personnel responsible for different chops. Required chops (business seals) in China vary from function to function; it really isn?t necessary for one person to hold them all. It can cripple your business if that individual leaves under a cloud, or misuses them.
Who trademarked your brand?Do you have the documentation showing that your company (or parent) owns your brand? If you didn?t mark it maybe you should ? and if it has been marked you need to establish who registered it and in what name. It is common for employees or even suppliers to ?take care? of your trademark or patent registration for you and then simply register it in their own name.
Business licenses are not immediately accessibleYou should have immediate access to your business documentation upon request. Ideally, these documents should be contained within a company documentation manual, with translations of what they are next to them and identifiable expiration dates. If you do not have this under control your licenses can expire, have the wrong scope, or simply get lost. This can seriously impact your business operations if a problem arises.To know more, the whole issue is available (after a free subscription) on China Briefing website with others archivesFor more information on China’s legal and tax issues or to ask for professional advices in related matters, please write to [email protected]
Are You (Really) Financially in Control of Your China operations?(0)[ By Daisy Huang and Rosario DiMaggio, Dezan Shira & Associates ]
For this, understanding the limitations in China?s foreign exchange system is important.
China tightened its foreign exchange regulations last year, issuing the ?Regulations on the Administration of Foreign Exchange of China.? Under these new regulations, more emphasis is placed on the administration of inflow and outflow of foreign exchange. Legal entities, including wholly foreign-owned enterprises and representative offices, that previously only had an RMB Basic Account in China are now required to open a specific Foreign Currency Settlement Account for collecting proceeds and the conversion of such forex income into RMB. For entities that only have smallor sporadic forex inflow and outflow, forex collections and payments can be processed through a bank?s miscellaneous conversion account.
The stringency of such requirements can easily delay reception of payments to a company, leading to unexpected cash flow shortages and unpredictable degenerative outcomes. To understand how the regulation works and what it means for companies operating in China, we will try to outline the main aspects of such practice.
Chinese authorities keep their control on foreign exchange through a close supervision of bank accounts. Foreign companies in China operate through three different types of bank accounts: capital accounts, settlement accounts and basic RMB accounts.
Lire la suite :Checking If You Are (Really) in Control of Your China Operations
To know more, the whole issue is available (after a free subscription) on China Briefing website with others archivesFor more information on China’s legal and tax issues or to ask for professional advices in related matters, please write to [email protected]
Are You (Really) in Control of Your China Operations?(0)[ By Zoe Zhou and Rosario DiMaggio, Dezan Shira & Associates ]
First, as expected, the flow of foreign direct investment into China has decreased. Second, there has been an increase in oversight from overseas headquarters. This article will focus on latter trend; exposing several common difficulties that undermine the real control foreign managers should have when running their China operations.
Managing a legal entity in a country with a language not easily understood by foreigners, a young legal system, a complicated and quickly evolving tax regime, and a strict foreign exchange control is often full of challenges and pitfalls for foreign managers. Moreover, the financial crisis is pressuring many companies to clear up old structural inaccuracies, adopt efficient financial control systems, layoff underperforming personnel and reduce overall costs.
Ensuring full control over an investment from both the legal and financial side of a business requires a thorough understanding of the laws and regulations and a clear perception of local practices. We first look at some of the common legal issues that managers should ensure have been properly carried out as they can have a long-term impact on the success of the China business.
Business scope
The concept of a company?s business scope is easy to understand and basically refers to a detailed explanation of what the company is entitled to do, the sector it will be involved with (manufacturing, service, trading), and the products it will handle.
In China, an enterprise can only engage in operations within its business scope as approved in its registration with the enterprise registration authority. Because of this, the drafting of the business scope deserves particular attention as the company will need to register it with a wide range of authorities that will validate it before authorizing business operations.
A typical well-drafted business scope for a foreign company involved in trading (also known as a foreign-invested commercial enterprise or FICE) can be divided in three parts. It should state that the company is ?engaged in [1] wholesale, commission (excluding auction) and import/export of [2] products, [3] relevant commercial consulting, technical support and after sale service (following the national and local regulations on license management goods, special regulated goods).?
There are two very common types of mistakes made by foreign investors when drafting their business scope.
1) Mistakes related to lack of local knowledge and understanding of how foreign invested companies operate in China. These usually include the omission of services such as ?commission-based services? and relevant other services such as after sales, quality control and so on.
2) Mistakes related to negligence, for example, when describing the treated product.
Some of the ?omissions? may not initially seem important or relevant to the investor, nevertheless these may impact operations later in ways that would have been useful and furthermore, could have been included without further capital injection, time or paperwork.
From an operational point of view, an erroneously registered business scope may bring problems and serious limits to a business. Many FICEs in China often start operation by assisting their headquarters on a commission basis, providing services such as quality control and supplier or client searches, avoiding (at least at the beginning) being involved with the actual buying and selling of products, the extensive paperwork and the handling of customs. However, if these business operations have not been accounted for from the beginning, a newly established trading company might not be able to operate without revising or enlarging their business scope, costing both time and money.
From a strictly legal point of view, punishment for operating outside the stated business scope can induce fines ranging from RMB10,000 to RMB100,000, and more importantly, in cases that involve items requiring special approval like chemicals or food and beverages, the revocation of the business license. Companies therefore need to ensure that their business scope is an accurate description of the actual business and if not, to find the chance ? during a capital increase ? to review and update it.
Lire la suite :Are You (Really) Financially in Control of Your China operations?
To know more, the whole issue is available (after a free subscription) on China Briefing website with others archivesFor more information on China’s legal and tax issues or to ask for professional advices in related matters, please write to [email protected]
China and Europe(0)[ By Andy Scott, China Briefing ]
The European Union is China?s largest trading partner, and despite growing protectionism on the mainland, optimism among EU businesses in China remains high, but for how long? While gains by some marquee European companies have strengthened ties between the EU and China, falling exports and rising barriers are causing problems.
Protectionism on the rise
The European Union recently filed a World Trade Organization complaint against China on the grounds that Beijing was unfairly helping domestic makers of steel, aluminum and chemicals by effectively blocking overseas exports of the raw ingredients needed for steel aluminum and chemical products. The complaint alleges that Chinese steel, aluminum and chemical companies are getting first rights on raw materials from domestic producers at super low prices. This is allowing them to compete unfairly against overseas companies who have to buy their raw materials on the open market, which are now arguably at higher prices because the lack of Chinese output is limiting availability of supplies.
The United States filed a similar complaint, saying that there appeared to be a ?conscious policy to create unfair preferences for Chinese industries by making raw materials cheaper for China?s companies to get, and goods more economical for them to produce.?
In response, China?s Ministry of Commerce said in a statement: ?The main objective of China?s relevant export policies is to protect the environment and natural resources. China believes the policies in question are in keeping with WTO rules.?
Beijing is not expected to change its policy anytime soon as infrastructure projects launched as a result of China?s huge stimulus package ramp up and begin to require the steel and aluminum products that are benefitting from the alleged unfair trade practices.
The recent WTO filing is not the first time Europe has had issue with China?s protectionist policies. In its 2008/2009 white paper, the European Union Chamber Commerce in China (EUCCC) stated that despite improvements in some sectors, European companies are still not granted fair and equal market access to China.
?In too many areas, European companies are still waiting for free and equal access to the Chinese market in line with the World Trade Organization commitments and in the spirit of WTO membership.?
In June, Beijing introduced a new ?Buy Chinese? policy that could agitate foreign trade relations and encourage protectionism. The new policy outlines that only Chinese products and services may be used for government procurement except when certain products or services are not available within the country or could not be bought on reasonable commercial or legal terms.
The move was a response to reports from local industry associations complaining that local governments discriminate in favor of foreign suppliers for projects related to China?s RMB4 trillion stimulus package. Since China?s exports and foreign direct investment have been depressed in recent months, the economy has been coping largely because of the deployment of the massive stimulus package which has increased subsidies, lending by state-owned banks and infrastructure spending.
Green technology and innovation breeds optimism
Despite Beijing?s recent protectionist moves, EU companies remain mostly positive on their investments in China. According to the EUCCC, Beijing?s ?affirmation of the importance of innovation, openness and competition,? and China?s efforts to ensure ?sustainable balanced growth? have been encouraging.
The EU is China?s top tech supplier and European companies are keenly interested in China?s burgeoning ?green tech? sector. At the Second EU-China High-level Economic and Trade Dialogue held in May, Ambassador Serge Abou, head of a delegation for the European Commission to China, said European companies expect to increase participation in clean, new and renewable energy in China.
China contributes 57 percent of the world?s certified emission reduction (CER) produced with more than 500 U.N.-registered Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects ? the Kyoto Protocol, developed countries can reduce their emission by providing fund or technologies in projects under CDM in developing countries. European companies are major buyers of Chinamade CER.To know more, the whole issue is available (after a free subscription) on China Briefing website with others archivesFor more information on China’s legal and tax issues or to ask for professional advices in related matters, please write to [email protected]
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